chapter 4

浠栵紝瀛樻椿浜嗕笂鐧惧勾锛岃屾潵鍒拌繖搴ф繁灞辨湁浜斿崄棣骞淬?br />

姣忎竴骞存潙瀛愪究浼氫负浠栭佷笂涓鍚嶆柊濞樺綋浣滅キ鍝侊紝澶у鏁扮殑鏂板鏄鎬曠殑锛屼粬鍊掓槸绗竴娆￠亣鍒拌繖楹界壒鍒殑濂冲瓙銆?br />

鐭ラ亾浠栨槸铔囷紝绔熺劧涓嶆曚粬銆?br />

鐢ㄥ畬鏃╄喅鍚庯紝浠栧甫浜嗕竴鍚嶅▏灏忕殑濂冲瓙鏉ュ埌濂硅韩杈癸紝璇磋繖鏄ス涓哄ス鍑嗗鐨勪緧濂筹紝鍏充簬鐢熸椿璧峰眳鐨勬墦鐞嗛兘鏄敱濂规潵甯ス鏈嶅姟锛岃繖浣嶄緧濂冲彨鍋氬皬铦讹紝宸﹁劯棰婄殑鑲岃偆涓婃湁鐫钃濋粦鑹茬殑浜ゅ彔銆?br />

濂逛竴鐪嬪氨鐭ラ亾濂规槸铦磋澏锛岀瑧绗戠殑瀵瑰ス绗戣捣銆?br />

涔熺舰锛岀敓娲诲湪杩欐棤浜虹殑灞辨礊涓偗瀹氬緢鏃犺亰锛屽か鍚涗篃涓嶅彲鑳戒竴鏁村ぉ閮介櫔鐫濂癸紝鐜板湪澶氫簡涓涓汉浣滀即涔熷ソ锛岃涓嶅畾灏嗘潵浼氭垚涓哄ソ鏈嬪弸涔熻涓嶅畾銆?br />

灏嗗皬铦跺甫鍒板ス鐨勮韩杈瑰悗锛屼粬渚垮幓蹇欎簡锛岃櫧鐒朵篃涓嶇煡閬撲粬鏄湪蹇欎粈楹斤紝鎬讳笉鏄鐞嗕粈楹藉浗瀹跺ぇ浜嬪惂锛?br />

濂硅剳涓獊鐒舵诞鐜颁竴鏉″ぇ铔囬鐫涓鍫嗗皬铔囧墠杩涚殑鐢婚潰锛岃繖鐢婚潰璇存湁澶氳寮傚氨鏈夊璇″紓銆?br />

銆屽皬铦讹紝鎴戝か鍚涗粬鏄仛浠楹界殑鍟婏紵銆嶆槰澶滆繕娌¤亰鍒拌繖鍧楀氨琚墤鍚戝簥锛屼粖鏃╀篃鏉ヤ笉鍙婅亰鍒拌繖涓鍧楋紝瀵逛簬澶悰锛屽ス鐭ユ檽鐨勪笉澶氾紝鍊掓槸鎯充簡瑙ｄ粬鐨勪竴鍒囥?br />

銆屼富瀛愪粬鈥︹︽槸杈呬綈灞辩鐨勪翰鍗傘嶅皬铦舵伃鏁殑璇淬?br />

灞辩锛?br />

濂瑰惉浜嗙湪鐪ㄧ溂鐫涳紝鎬昏寰楄嚜宸卞ソ鍍忓珌浜嗕竴浣嶄笉寰椾簡鐨勪汉鐗┿?br />

杩欏北娲炶溈铚掕緱杞紝铏界劧闃存殫娼箍锛岀┖姘斾腑涔熷甫鐐瑰啺鍐凤紝濂硅窡鐫灏忚澏璧扮潃锛屽埌灞辨礊涓殑姣忎竴涓埧闂存帰鎺紝鏈夌О涓轰功鎴跨殑鎴块棿銆佸鍫傜殑鎴块棿锛屼篃鏈夌О涓烘槸澶у巺鐨勬埧闂达紝鐢熸椿璧峰眳灏辫窡浜虹被涓鏍凤紝鍞嫭杩欒！涓嶆槸浠楹戒綇瀹咃紝鑰屾槸灞辨礊銆?br />

銆岄偅瑁℃槸浠楹芥埧闂村憿锛熴嶅ス鎸囧悜鏆楀锛屽皬铦跺埢鎰忚烦杩囪繖闂存埧闂翠笉鍚戝ス浠嬬粛锛屾墍浠ュス鑷繁闂簡銆?br />

銆岃繖鈥︹︽垜涔熶笉鐭ラ亾銆傘嶅ス鐨勭溂绁炲湪闂翰鐫锛屻岃涓嶏紝澶汉鍙互鑷繁璇㈤棶涓诲瓙銆傘?br />

濂规姞鎶犺劯锛屻屽ソ锛屼笉涓洪毦濡筹紝鎴戝氨鑷繁闂棶浠栥傘嶄粬韬笂鐨勭瀵嗗疄鍦ㄥお澶氫簡锛屽儚瀹濊棌涓鏍凤紝鎸栦笉灏斤紝鑰屾瘡鎸栧嚭涓浠讹紝灏辫帿鍚嶇殑蹇劅銆?br />

鍐嶅害缁曚簡鍑犲湀锛岃剼涔熺棤浜嗭紝濂逛究璧板埌涔︽埧涓紝涔︽埧鎽嗚绠绠鍗曞崟锛屾涓婁竴鏈憡寮鐨勭鍗凤紝姣涚瑪浠ュ強鐮氬ⅷ锛岀湅鏉ユ槸浠栧钩甯稿姙鍏垨鏄涔︾殑鍦版柟銆?br />

濂圭櫨鑸棤鑱婃娊鍑轰竴寮犵┖鐧界殑绾革紝鍦ㄤ笂澶寸敾浜嗙敾锛屽ス鐢诲嚭涓闅昏泧锛岃繖闅昏泧鍚愮潃淇★紝鐪肩潧澶уぇ鐨勩?br />

灏忚澏鍦ㄦ梺鐪嬩簡涓嶇鍊掓娊鍙ｆ皵锛岃繖澹伴煶璁╁ス鍚浜嗭紝濂硅浆澶撮棶锛氥屽Τ鎬曟垜澶悰锛熴?br />

灏忚澏浣庣潃澶翠笉鏁㈠洖璇濄?br />

濂瑰張闂細銆屼粬鏈夎繖楹藉彲鎬曪紵銆?br />

灏忚澏杩樻槸浣庣潃澶达紝涓嶆暍鎶ご銆?br />

濂逛涪涓嬫瘺绗旓紝鎯崇潃浠栧ソ鍍忎篃涓嶆柇鐨勯棶鐫濂规曚笉鎬曚粬锛屾槸鍥犱负娌℃湁鎬曚粬锛屾墍浠ヤ粬瑙夊緱娌℃湁鎴愬氨鎰熷悧锛?br />

杩欏掓槸鏈夌偣濂界瑧銆?br />

鎬庨航锛熷ス灏辨槸涓嶆曚粬锛屽洜涓哄ス閬囪繃鏇村彲鎬曠殑浜嬫儏銆?br />

鍦ㄥス鐢荤殑铔囦笂闈㈠姞浜嗗嚑鏍规瘺楂紝閭ｅ睘浜庝粬鐨勯寮忛偅鏍风殑淇暱鏌旈『锛屾懜璧锋潵鎸哄ソ鎽哥殑锛岃嫢浠栫珯鍦ㄩ槼鍏夊簳涓嬶紝濂规墦瀹氳繖澶撮搴旇鏈夌潃鍏夋辰鎰熴?br />

鏈鍚庝笉鐭ラ亾鎬庨航鐫忎簡璧锋潵锛屽ス鐩存帴瓒村湪妗屼笂鐫＄潃銆?br />

涓嶇煡閬撹繃浜嗗涔咃紝濂规仮寰╂剰璇嗭紝鎰熻鑷繁琚姳鍦ㄤ竴涓涓紝杩欎釜鎬瑁¤櫧鐒跺啺鍐凤紝鍗村張甯︾偣娓╁害鍦紝鑰屼笖韬笂鏈変釜濂介椈鐨勫懗閬擄紝鏄潚鑽夌豢鑽偅绉嶈嚜鐒剁殑鑽夐鍛炽?br />

濂归棴鐫鐪肩潧锛屽姩浜嗗姩锛屽線杩欐涓